![]() ![]() Therefore, it is paramount that clinicians are aware of the multiple potential contributing factors in any given patient, in order to enable optimal treatment decisions that address each issue adequately. Failure to incrementally evaluate the potential underlying factors may lead to poor clinically relevant outcomes because the major causes of nocturia may not be addressed. 8, 9īPH, benign prostate hyperplasia LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms OAB, overactive bladder.Īlthough the causes of nocturia may differ among patients, multiple factors may underlie the cause of nocturia in any given patient. 8 The condition, therefore, can affect up to one in five or six younger adults, as well as up to one-third of older people. In European Pain in Cancer (EPIC), a population-based, cross-sectional telephone survey of 19,165 adult men and women in five countries (Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), 13% to 17% of adults aged < 40 years reported ≥ 2 nocturnal voids, increasing to 20% to 21% of middle-aged men and women and 35% to 36% of adults aged ≥ 60 years. The proportion of men aged 20 to 30 years reporting ≥ 2 voids per night was 2% to 17%, rising to 29% to 59% in men aged 70 to 80 years. 7 For instance, 4% to 18% of women in their 20s and 30s were affected by ≥ 2 voids per night, increasing to 28% to 62% for women in their 70s and 80s ( Figure 1). ![]() 3 In a review of 43 studies of the prevalence of nocturia around the world, Bosch and Weiss recently reported that, although nocturia is most prevalent in older people, it also affects a significant proportion of younger individuals. Almost 69% of men and 76% of women (aged ≥ 40 years) in the United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden, randomly selected from Internet-based panels (20,000 participants in the United States, 7500 in the United Kingdom, and 2500 in Sweden), reported ≥ 1 nocturnal voids. This article reviews current knowledge of the prevalence, etiology, and impact of nocturia.Īlthough its prevalence is generally underestimated, nocturia is in fact an extremely common condition, affecting both men and women of all ages. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that nocturia may be associated with an increased mortality risk, via its detrimental effects on sleep and other associated comorbidities. In addition to daytime lack of vitality and the overall bother caused by waking at night to void, poor sleep can contribute to the exacerbation of existing health conditions. Repeated nocturnal voiding can result in chronically disturbed sleep, which in turn negatively affects a patient’s quality of life (QoL) and general health. Nocturia is, however, an important condition that warrants specific clinical attention. ![]() 5 Many clinicians consider nocturia to be of minor concern and do little to dispel the myth that nocturia is a normal part of aging. 4 In trials reporting the impact on nocturia of BPO and OAB medications, such as α-antagonists and antimuscarinics, the clinical significance of the reductions in nocturnal voids, although in some cases demonstrating statistical significance, is yet to be determined. However, although nocturia is urinary frequency that occurs during nighttime sleep, it is not necessarily driven by a lower urinary tract dysfunction involving the bladder, prostate, or urethra it may be driven instead by nighttime urine overproduction, or nocturnal polyuria (NP), resulting from renal, cardiovascular, or pulmonary factors.Īlthough nocturia has been shown to be one of the most bothersome LUTS 2, 3 and despite much emphasis placed on the need to improve patient-reported outcomes in all LUTS, nocturia has not received the clinical attention that it deserves. This assumption is not surprising, given that BPO and OAB are generally associated with urinary frequency. However, nocturia has long been considered one of a range of symptoms associated with well-recognized lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) and overactive bladder (OAB). 1 It is divided into two main categories: upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract dysfunction. Nocturia is defined as the need to awaken ≥1 times per night to void. ![]()
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